英語初級考試大綱：語法
在各個領域，我們最熟悉的就是考試題了，借助考試題可以檢測考試者對某方面知識或技能的掌握程度。一份什么樣的考試題才能稱之為好考試題呢？下面是小編為大家整理的英語初級考試大綱：語法，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。
英語初級考試大綱：語法 1
1.同位語從句：同位語從句在句中作A同位語，對被修飾名詞的內容予以解釋說明。同位語的特點是：抽象名詞在前，表達具體內容的從句在后。
常見的名詞包括： assumption假定/belief看法/ conclusion結論/ doubt懷疑等。 例句：The suggestion that we should develop the natural resources in the region has been discussed. 關于我們應該開發本地區資源的建議已經討論過了。
2.現在完成時：表示過去延續到現在的動作或狀態。具體來說，這種用法是表示開始于過去的.動作一直持續到現在，而且還可能繼續持續下去。謂語動詞一般為延續性動詞。
例句：An old woman walked out into the middle of the street. The policeman yelled to her, “Don’t you know what it means when I hold up my hand?” The lady said, “Sure I do. I have been a schoolteacher for 28 years now.” 一個老婦人走到了馬路中央，這時，一位交警朝著她嚷道：“我都把手舉起來了，你難道還不知道什么意思嗎?”老太太說：“我當然知道，我都做了28 年的老師了。”
3. 時間狀從：not…until… 用法。例句：The students didn’t stop talking until the teacher came in.
4. it做形式主語，句子做邏輯主語：如果主語太長，常用代詞 it 作形式主語，將真正的主語從句置于句尾，以保持句式的平衡。
例句：It makes no difference what you read or study if you can’t remember it. 如果你記不住，那么你讀什么或者學什么都不重要了。
5. 現在分詞短語作狀語：
(1)現在分詞作時間狀語。例句：There are several things to consider when buying fresh foods. 當購買新鮮食品時，有幾個事情要考慮。
(2)現在分詞作條件狀語。例句：Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作，你將會成功。
(3)現在分詞作伴隨狀語。例句：All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不著，思考著那個問題。
(4)現在分詞作方式狀語。例句：Please answer the question using another way. 請用另一種方法回答問題。
(5)現在分詞作原因狀語。例句：Not knowing her address, I can’t write to her.由于不知道她的地址，我沒法給她寫信。
(6)現在分詞作結果狀語。
例句：Possessing a car gives a much greater degree of mobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. 擁有汽車使機動程度更高，使司機能自由自在地往來各地。
(7)現在分詞作讓步狀語。
例句：Although working from morning till night his father didn’t get enough food.雖然他父親從早到晚拼命干，但是還是掙不夠吃的。
英語初級考試大綱：語法 2
1. 定義：用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。
2. 構成：關聯詞+簡單句
3. 引導表語從句的關聯詞的種類：
(1) 從屬連詞that。
例如：The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻煩是我把他的.地址丟了。
(2) 從屬連詞whether, as, as if。
例如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起來還與十年前一樣。
The question is whether they will be able to help us. 問題是他們是否能幫我們。
注：從屬連詞if一般不用來引導表語從句，但as if卻可引導表語從句，
例如：All this was over twenty years ago, but its as if it was only yesterday. 這都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一樣。
能跟表語從句的謂語動詞一般為系動詞be, seem, look等。
例如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起來天要下雨了。
(3)連接代詞：
Who whom whose what
Which whoever whatever whichever
連接副詞：
Where when how why
例如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。
The question is how he did it. 問題是他是如何做此事的。
That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。
注：
1. 連詞because可引導表語從句。
例如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想這是因為你做得太多。
2. 在一些表示“建議、勸說、命令”的名詞后面的表語從句中，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。should+動詞原形表示，should可省略。
例如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建議是我們明天一早就出發。
英語初級考試大綱：語法 3
英語中過去分詞可作賓補，(此時的過去分詞一般是及物動詞)表被動意義或完成意義，有時兩者兼而有之。做賓補的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動賓關系，即賓語是過去分詞動作的對象。如：
She found the door broken in when she came back.(賓補與賓語有被動的關系，表一種狀態。)
一、過去分詞用在表狀態的動詞keep，leave等的`后面。
Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(諺語：少說多看)
Dont leave such an important thing undone.
Dont leave the windows broken like this all the time.
二、過分詞用在get，have，make，的后面。
1.注意“have +賓語+過去分詞”的兩種情況：
A)表"讓某人做某事/讓某事(被人)做"
eg: I have had my bike repaired.
The villagers had many trees planted just then.
B)表"遭遇到某種不幸，受到打擊/受....影響，蒙受..... 損失"
Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.
The old man had his leg broken in the accident.
He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)
2."make+賓語+過去分詞"，在這種結構中，過去分詞的動詞必須是表示結果含義的。如：
They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
三、過去分詞用在感觀動詞watch，notice，see，hear，listen to ，feel，find等后面。如
When we got to school，we saw the door locked.
We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.
He felt himself cheated.
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)
四、過去分詞用在want，wish，like ，expect等表示“希望，愿望”這一類動詞后面做賓補。如
The boss wouldnt like the problem discussed at the moment.
I would like my house painted white.
I want the suit made to his own measure.
I wish the problem settled.
五、過去分詞用在“with +賓語+賓補”這一結構中，過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關系。如：
The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.
With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building ，his house looks like a beautiful garden.
With everything well arranged，he left the office.
六、過去分詞、現在分詞、和不定式作賓補的區別。
現在分詞作賓補：賓語和補語之間是主謂關系。其動作與謂語動作同時進行。
過去分詞作賓補：賓語和補語之間是動賓關系。其動作先于謂語動作。
不定式作賓補：表一個完成的動作、或表一個很短時間內看到、聽到或感覺到的具體動作。
eg:He didnt notice me waiting.
I heard the song sung in English.
I saw him opening the window.
I saw the window opened.
I saw him open the window.
I heard her sing the song in English.
英語初級考試大綱：語法 4
I.要點
表示說的話不是事實，或者是不可能發生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或與事實相反的假設等。一般常用于正式的書面語中。
1、虛擬語氣的構成
如：與現在事實相反
If I had more time, I should study German.(fact:I have no more time, so I shall not study German. )
If she were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.(fact:she is very busy, so she will not attend the meeting this afternoon.)
If they didn’t take physical exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.(fact: they take physical exercises every day, so they are very healthy.)
與過去事實相反：
I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s examination.(fact:I had no more time at yesterday’s exam, so I didn’t check my paper again)
You would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in good time.(fact: He didn’t see the doctor in good time ,so he hasn’t recovered from his illness )
與將來事實相反：
If it rains tomorrow, our picnic will be put off.(The weather has been changeable these days.)
If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.( The weather has beenvery good these days.)
If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.(That would be out of our expectation.)
If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. (條件從句謂語動詞用were to +動詞原形，表示下雨的可能性極小。Were to rain和should rain都表示“出乎意料之外”，但were to加強表示“當初沒想到以后的事”)
注：
(1)如果條件從句謂語動詞包含有were或had, should, could有時可將if省去,但要倒裝。如：
Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.
(2)混合時間條件句的用法：
有時條件從句的動作和主句動作發生的時間不一致。這時動詞的形式，應根據它所要表達的.具體時間來決定用什么形式。
1) If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be run so fast.(從句敘述過去，主句敘述現在。)
(fact: she has trained very hard, so she would able to run fast.)
2)You would speak English well enough if you had practised reading and speaking it every day.(主句敘述現在，從句敘述過去)
(fact: You didn’t practice (hasn’t practiced ) reading and speaking it every day, so you can’t speak English well enough.)
(3)在其他狀語從句中的用法
主要用于由as if (as though)引導的比較狀語從句，從句中謂語動詞一般用“動詞的過去式(be變were )或had +過去分詞。”如：
She looked as if she were ill.(實際上她沒有病，在這里用虛擬語氣補語比喻她精神不佳)
Xiao Liu speaks English so well as if he had studied in England.(這里用虛擬語氣表現他的英語說得好)
2、虛擬語氣在各種從句的應用
(1)在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、惋惜、理應如此等，其謂語形式是"should(可省) +動詞原形"，常用于以下三種句型中。
句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…
句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…
句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…
如：It is strange that he (should) have done that.
It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.
It is requested that we (should) be so careless.
(2)在賓語從句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等動詞后的賓語從句中，表間接的命令和建議。其謂語形式是"(should)+動詞原形"。如：
I suggest that we (should) go swimming.
(3)在表語從句中，表示間接的命令，要求、請求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。從句謂語形式是"(should)+動詞原形"。如：
His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.
(4)在同位語從句中，謂語形式是"(should)+動詞原形"。如：
We received order that the work be done at once.
(5)在It is time that…句型中，其謂語動詞形式是"動詞的過去式"或"should +動詞原形",should不可省。如：
Its time (that) we went ( should go) to school.
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