英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)四聽(tīng)力對(duì)話(huà)常考題型
要想在英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)四考試中拿高分,一定要把握聽(tīng)力考試技巧，以下是英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)四聽(tīng)力對(duì)話(huà)常考題型。
1. 主旨要義題：?jiǎn)枌?duì)話(huà)討論的是什么。
a. 盡量在腦海中描述出正進(jìn)行的對(duì)話(huà)：對(duì)誰(shuí)在進(jìn)行對(duì)話(huà)，在哪里進(jìn)行對(duì)話(huà)做一定的假設(shè);
b. 尤其注意聽(tīng)一些關(guān)鍵詞，被重復(fù)的詞等等;
c. 對(duì)所聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納，什么是中心思想;
d. 特別注意提問(wèn)句，因?yàn)閷?duì)話(huà)通常是一問(wèn)一答，答的內(nèi)容通常是圍繞問(wèn)題展開(kāi)的。
常見(jiàn)的就對(duì)話(huà)主題而提的問(wèn)題有：
What is the main topic of the conversation?
What are the speakers mainly discussing?
What is the subject of this conversation?
What is the main idea of the conversation?
Which of the following best summarizes the conversation?
2. 身份職業(yè)題：?jiǎn)栒f(shuō)話(huà)者的身份、職業(yè)以及兩者的關(guān)系等。
常見(jiàn)的就身份、職業(yè)及人物關(guān)系而提的問(wèn)題有：
What is the person's probable vocation/job?
Who are the speakers?
What is the relationship between the two speakers?
Who is the woman/man speaking to?
常見(jiàn)的身份、職業(yè)及其相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)和句子：
Customer and shop-assistant (salesgirl)
for sale on sale discount 30 percent off
selling season size style fashion
in stock out of stock price change
refund warranty deliver 交付 sales slip 銷(xiāo)貨單,銷(xiāo)售發(fā)票
What can I do for you? I'm looking for...
I'd like to have ... How much ...?
Professor/teacher and student
course assignment credit tuition
freshman sophomore junior senior
undergraduate postgraduate register graduate
graduation ceremony term paper mid-exam final
summer course grade semester/term quiz
vacation scholarship
Customer and waiter/waitress
menu order dessert main course
delicious taste reservation bill
Can I help you, sir/madam? Are you ready to order?
May I take your order now? I'd like to try...
Can I have my bill, please? How would you like your beef?
Doctor and patient
headache stomachache backache catch a cold
flu running nose fever run a temperature
symptom examination check-up take one's temperature
X-ray indigestion blood pressure infection
diagnose prescribe(prescription) medicine pill
tablet give an injection operation recover
What's the matter with you?
Postman and customer
parcel/package postcard stamp telegram
postage airmail registered letter
Bank clerk and customer
deposit withdraw draw out savings
account account number open an account balance
cash traveler's check cash a check interest rate
Airport staff and traveler
check in check out first class economy
Single/return flight number reservation book a ticket
Confirm/confirmation arrival departure delay
Boarding card boarding gate take off transit
Librarian and student
Library card periodical journal magazine
Catalogue call number due renew
Overdue over-due time
Hotel staff and customer
lobby front desk reservation reception desk
receptionist check in check out single room
double room rate key card Room Service
3. 地點(diǎn)方位問(wèn)題：?jiǎn)枌?duì)話(huà)發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)與場(chǎng)景。
School: assignment, lecture, paper, exam, campus, dorm, grades
Bank: account, cash, check, deposit, savings
Hospital/Clinic: prescription, symptom, temperature, cold, fever, stomachache, pain, trouble
Restaurant: menu, soup, drink, beverage, dish, beef, chicken, order, bill
Airport/Station: train, coach, car, timetable, take off, passenger
Post Office: parcel, package, stamp, letter, airmail, regular mail, postage, rate
關(guān)于地點(diǎn)的提問(wèn)形式通常為：
Where does/did the conversation probably take place?
Where are the man and woman speaking?
Where are the speakers now?
Where will the man/the woman go?
Where is the man/the woman?
4. 時(shí)間數(shù)字計(jì)算題：對(duì)對(duì)話(huà)中出現(xiàn)的一些時(shí)間和數(shù)字進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，通常要經(jīng)過(guò)一些簡(jiǎn)單的運(yùn)算。
聽(tīng)力試題所涉及的數(shù)字包括：年代、時(shí)間、年齡、距離、速度、價(jià)格、數(shù)量等，要求回答對(duì)話(huà)或某事在什么時(shí)間發(fā)生;或某人在什么時(shí)間做某事;或價(jià)格、數(shù)量等。在做數(shù)字計(jì)算題時(shí)，考生除了應(yīng)該聽(tīng)清具體的數(shù)字，還應(yīng)該注意表示倍數(shù)、百分率等的量詞，例如： double, half, dozen, couple, thirty percent, three times, decade, century等等。同時(shí)，還要注意與數(shù)字有關(guān)的詞，例如：more, less, before, ago, later等等。此外還要注意文中較長(zhǎng)的數(shù)字。
此類(lèi)問(wèn)題的提問(wèn)形式通常為：
When/ At what time did the conversation/dialogue take place?
When is the man/ the woman going to...?
How much/How many...?
How long...?
How often...?
另外，當(dāng)對(duì)時(shí)間進(jìn)行提問(wèn)時(shí)，也可能不用數(shù)字而用表示時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示，考生應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
a. 根據(jù)表示時(shí)間的關(guān)聯(lián)詞來(lái)判斷事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間，如：before, after, when, while, then, until, later, right away, immediately, as soon as possible等。
b. 掌握年、月、日、星期等時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法。注意一些表示時(shí)間的詞，如 quarter, a couple of days, twilight, eve, fortnight(two weeks), dawn(daybreak), dusk(time just before it gets quite back)等。同時(shí)注意英、美不同的時(shí)間表達(dá)方式，如：2：15讀作 a quarter past two(英)或 two fifteen(美);2：30讀作 half past two(英) two thirty(美)等。
c. 有時(shí)候，文中通過(guò)從句或短語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間，而不出現(xiàn)具體表示時(shí)間的數(shù)字或表示時(shí)間概念的單詞，這種情況也要引起注意。例如："Aren't you glad the semester's over?"可以判斷出時(shí)間為"at the end of the semester"。
d. 從選擇項(xiàng)看到時(shí)間和數(shù)字題型后，要集中精力獲取時(shí)間和數(shù)字的信息。把聽(tīng)到的表示時(shí)間的數(shù)字順序記下來(lái)，并理解各項(xiàng)數(shù)字之間的關(guān)系。這樣做是因?yàn)槲闹杏袝r(shí)不僅僅出現(xiàn)一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的數(shù)字。如果單靠聽(tīng)而不做任何記錄，最后很容易混淆數(shù)字間的關(guān)系，無(wú)法正確回答問(wèn)題。
e. 聽(tīng)的時(shí)候注意近音的干擾要能準(zhǔn)確區(qū)分：-teen /′ti:n/和/ti/。它們的區(qū)別不僅在于一個(gè)是長(zhǎng)元音/i:/，另一個(gè)是短元音/i/;而且/′ti:n/是重讀音節(jié)，而/ti/不重讀。
f. 時(shí)間推算也是對(duì)話(huà)題目中的考點(diǎn)，同學(xué)們要學(xué)會(huì)英語(yǔ)中表示時(shí)間提前或推后的方法，如：提前或提早5分鐘 five minutes ahead of time; five minutes ahead of schedule; five minutes early; early by five minutes.推遲或吃到5分鐘 five minutes later; five minutes behind schedule; late by five minutes; be delayed/postponed for five minutes.
g. 為了快而準(zhǔn)地對(duì)數(shù)字有所反應(yīng)，同學(xué)們要熟悉一些單詞和表達(dá)方式：
時(shí)間：five o'clock sharp (5點(diǎn)整);on the dot(整點(diǎn));the day before yesterday(前天); the day after tomorrow(后天);this time next week(下周此時(shí)); a fortnight(兩周); weekly(每周); monthly(每月);quarterly(每季);yearly/annually(每年); a decade(十年);B.C.(公元前)。
數(shù)字：one half/ a half; one and half; a quarter/ one fourth; five sixths; zero point five(0.5); one point five two(1.52); a couple of; million; billion。
貨幣：a dollar/ a buck; five cents/ a nickel; a dime; a quarter/twenty-five cents; a pound; penny。把外語(yǔ)站加入收藏
有關(guān)計(jì)算的表達(dá)：plus/add/addition(加); minus/take off(減); ,multiply(乘); divide(除); double(翻倍); triple(增加倒三倍); two more(多兩個(gè)); three less(少三個(gè)); half the price(半價(jià)); thirty percent off/ discount of 30%(打七折); at 15% discount(打八五折)。
5. 事實(shí)推理題：對(duì)對(duì)話(huà)中出現(xiàn)的一些細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，或者要求考生通過(guò)所聽(tīng)到的細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推理。
a. 以事實(shí)為依據(jù)的問(wèn)題要求考生回憶對(duì)話(huà)中的細(xì)節(jié);盡量從上下文中推測(cè)不熟悉的單詞的含義;在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中盡快瀏覽各項(xiàng)選擇，以便預(yù)測(cè)一些問(wèn)題;并對(duì)聽(tīng)到的信息進(jìn)行分析、判斷。
對(duì)事實(shí)的提問(wèn)形式有：
What does sb. do?
What is sb. going to do?
What/Which of the following is not mentioned in the dialogue?
What does the speaker/listener seem most concerned about?
What does the conversation say about...?
Why does sb. do sth.?
What is the purpose of ...?
What is the cause of ...?
b. 推理引申問(wèn)題要求考生推測(cè)出某些細(xì)節(jié)的結(jié)果或?qū)δ承┘?xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行比較。
引申問(wèn)題要求應(yīng)試者推測(cè)出某些細(xì)節(jié)的結(jié)果或?qū)δ承┘?xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行比較。回答引申問(wèn)題時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意對(duì)話(huà)的最后部分。在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中盡快瀏覽各選擇項(xiàng)，以便做出某些預(yù)測(cè);運(yùn)用常識(shí)猜測(cè)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)可能有的結(jié)果。
常見(jiàn)的引申問(wèn)題有：
It can be inferred from the conversation that...
The man/woman most probably...
What will the man/woman probably do next?
What can be concluded from the dialogue/conversation?
What does the speaker mean?
6. 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題：?jiǎn)栒f(shuō)話(huà)者對(duì)某事或者某話(huà)題的看法和觀點(diǎn)。
對(duì)話(huà)中經(jīng)常涉及到一方對(duì)另一方或某一事件、觀點(diǎn)、言論、行為的態(tài)度和反應(yīng)，或贊成或反對(duì)，或滿(mǎn)意或失望，喜怒哀樂(lè)等各種情緒。此類(lèi)題目的解題方法有：
a. 語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)。英語(yǔ)中，語(yǔ)調(diào)主要有升調(diào)、降調(diào)兩種，另外還有升降調(diào)和降升調(diào)。不同的語(yǔ)調(diào)表達(dá)不同的含義。例如，陳述句用升調(diào)表示說(shuō)話(huà)者抱有遲疑、猶豫的態(tài)度;用降調(diào)表示肯定。反意疑問(wèn)句如果反意部分是降調(diào)，就表示肯定，希望得到贊同或支持;反之，則表示征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或不耐煩。
b. 提示詞和關(guān)鍵詞。考生可以根據(jù)一些提示性的語(yǔ)言或一些相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)進(jìn)行判斷，如 I think...; It seems to me that...; As far as I'm concerned, I could say...; It is/sounds true that...同時(shí)還要注意表示否定、轉(zhuǎn)折和虛擬等含義的指示詞。如，I'd be sacked if I accepted your offer.所表達(dá)的是拒絕。
c. 從字里行間判斷。錄音材料的內(nèi)容、材料中不會(huì)直接說(shuō)明態(tài)度，但在字里行間會(huì)有滲透，考生在聽(tīng)懂對(duì)話(huà)的基礎(chǔ)上，依據(jù)語(yǔ)氣，充分理解其言外之意和所反映出來(lái)的態(tài)度。
常見(jiàn)的就語(yǔ)氣而提問(wèn)的問(wèn)題有：
What is the man's/woman's attitude toward the conversation?
How does the man/woman feel?
The man's/woman's feeling toward the subject can be best described as...?
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