考研英語閱讀理解和翻譯

時間：2023-07-20 08:35:22 詩琳英語閱讀

考研英語閱讀理解和翻譯

　　在各個領域，我們最熟悉的就是練習題了，通過這些形形色色的習題，使得我們得以有機會認識事物的方方面面，認識概括化圖式多樣化的具體變式，從而使我們對原理和規律的認識更加的深入。那么你知道什么樣的習題才能有效幫助到我們嗎？以下是小編整理的考研英語閱讀理解和翻譯習題，歡迎閱讀與收藏。

考研英語閱讀理解和翻譯

　　考研英語閱讀理解和翻譯 1

　　The world is goingthrough the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. Theprocess sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emergingcountries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at thisprocess and worrying: “Wont the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollableanti-competitive force?"

　　Theres no question that the big are getting bigger and morepowerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% ofinternational trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growingrapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment ofproduction in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. InArgentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationalswent from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largestfirms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smallereconomic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of theworld economy。

　　I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&Awave are the same that underlie the globalization process: fallingtransportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers andenlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customersdemands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. Asproductivity grows, the worlds wealth increases。

　　Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave arescanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms todaycould re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly acentury ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergersof telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices forconsumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary,the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration isincreasing—witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan—but it doesnot appear that consumers are being hurt。

　　Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. Afew weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the bankingindustry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of lastresort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Wont multinationalsshift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict aboutinfringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself therole of“defending competition" on issues that affect many othernations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?

　　33. What is the typical trend of businesses today?

　　[A]To take in more foreign funds

　　[B]To invest more abroad

　　[C]To combine and become bigger

　　[D]To trade with more countries

　　34. According to the author, one of the driving forces behindM&A wave is _________。

　　[A]the greater customer demands

　　[B]a surplus supply for the market

　　[C]a growing productivity

　　[D]the increase of the worlds wealth

　　35. From paragraph 4 we can infer that _________。

　　[A]the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers

　　[B]WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs

　　[C]the costs of the globalization process are enormous

　　[D]the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition

　　36. Toward the new business wave, the writers attitude can be saidto be _________。

　　[A]optimistic

　　[B]objective

　　[C]pessimistic

　　[D]biased

　　>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<

　　33. What is the typical trend of businesses today? 今天的商業典型的發展趨勢是什么?

　　[A]To take in more foreign funds 吸收更多外資

　　[B]To invest more abroad 進行更多對外投資

　　[C]To combine and become bigger 合并做強

　　[D]To trade with more countries 與更多國家貿易

　　【答案】 C

　　【考點】事實細節題。

　　【分析】文章第一段中說“世界正在經歷一場前所未有的最大的的并購浪潮。這個浪潮從異常活躍的美國開始，橫掃歐洲，并以不可比擬的威力影響到正在崛起的國家”，因此可以判斷正確答案是[C]。

　　34. According to the author, one of the driving forces behindM&A wave is _______。

　　根據本文作者，在合并浪潮背后的一個驅動力是______。

　　[A]the greater customer demands 更大的消費需求

　　[B]a surplus supply for the market 對市場的剩余供給

　　[C]a growing productivity 日益增長的生產率

　　[D]the increase of the world’s wealth 世界財富的增長

　　【答案】 A

　　【考點】事實細節題。

　　【分析】根據“合并浪潮的推動力”可以定位到第三段。在作者看來，“日趨下降的運輸與通訊費用，較低的貿易與投資壁壘，以及市場的擴大和為滿足市場需求而進行的擴大生產，是推動這股巨大的并購浪潮的最主要的力量，也是推動全球化進程的力量”。將四個選項對比這三個因素，只有[A]包括了根據顧客的需要擴大市場這個因素。

　　35. From paragraph 4 we can infer that _____。

　　從第四段中我們可以推斷出_____。

　　[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers

　　日益增長的集中肯定會損害消費者的利益

　　[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs

　　世通就是一個合并利與弊的'好例子

　　[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous

　　全球化進程的成本很高

　　[D] the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition

　　標準石油托拉斯或許已經威脅到競爭

　　【答案】 D

　　【考點】推斷題。

　　【分析】 [A]“日益增長的集中肯定會損害消費者的利益”與原文第四段第一句不符合，因為作者說“這股合并浪潮是帶來益處還是弊端的實例還很少”，因此很難說肯定會帶來損害。[B]提到“世通”，說是一個帶來利益和降低成本的好例子。這句說是“價格沒有隨著合并而提高”，并沒有提到價格降低問題，因此，合并雖然沒有傷害消費者，也沒有給他們帶來利益。[C]本段沒有涉及。[D]可以從文中“很難想像當今的幾個石油公司的合并能夠再次造成像100年前美國標準石油托拉斯對競爭形成的威脅”，這說明當年這個石油公司肯定曾經對競爭造成巨大威脅。

　　36. Toward the new business wave, the writer’s attitudecan be said to be _____。

　　作者看待新的商業浪潮的態度可以說是_______。

　　[A]optimistic 樂觀的

　　[B]objective 客觀的

　　[C]pessimistic 悲觀的

　　[D]biased 歧視的

　　【答案】 B

　　【考點】作者態度題。

　　【分析】本題考查考生是否了解作者的態度。文中作者提到了“合并”的益處，但是同時也在第四段中提到“我們必須警惕這樣的合并浪潮”。作者是從兩個方面來談論這個問題的，因此我們可以判斷作者的態度應該是客觀的。

　　難句解析：

　　1. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role ofsmaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stabilityof the world economy。

　　【結構分析】本題的主干是“This phenomenon has created serious concerns”，兩個“over”引導介賓短語，是并列的成分，做“concern”的定語。而“of smaller economic firms”與“of nationalbusinessmen”都是第一個“role”的定語。

　　2. I believe that the most important forces behind the massiveM&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: fallingtransportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers andenlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers’ demands。

　　【結構分析】本句主句是“I believe ”，“that”引導一個賓語從句，在這個賓語從句中，后面的“that”前面省略了“forces”，這個“that”引導一個定語從句，修飾這個省略的“forces”。冒號后面的部分是“the most important forces”的同位語，其中“markets”后面的“that”引導定語從句修飾“markets”，“capable ofmeeting customers demands”是“operations”的定語。

　　全文翻譯：

　　世界正在經歷一場前所未有的最大的的并購浪潮。這個浪潮從異常活躍的美國開始，橫掃歐洲，并以不可比擬的威力影響到正在崛起的國家。這些國家的許多人面對這個浪潮，倍感憂慮：“商業集中的浪潮會不會演變成一股無法控制的反競爭的力量?”

　　無疑，大企業正在變得更大、更強。1982年，跨國公司占國際貿易不到20%的份額。而如今，這個數字已經超過25%，并且還在迅速上升。在那些對外開放并鼓勵外資的經濟體中，國際分公司在生產中也正占據一個越來越大的份額。比如，在阿根廷，經過90年代初的改革之后，跨國公司在200家大型企業的工業生產中從43%增加到幾乎70%。這個現象使人們開始重視小型企業和民族資本的作用以及世界經濟的最終穩定。

　　我認為，日趨下降的運輸與通訊費用，較低的貿易與投資壁壘，以及市場的擴大和為滿足市場需求而進行的擴大生產，是推動這股巨大的并購浪潮的最主要的力量，也是推動全球化進程的力量。所有這些對消費者來說都是有益而無害的。隨著生產力的提高，世界的財富也在增長。

　　這股合并浪潮是帶來益處還是弊端的實例還很少。但是很難想像當今的幾個石油公司的合并能夠再次造成像100年前美國標準石油托拉斯對競爭形成的威脅，人們當時很害怕這家公司，結果導致了它最終的解散。像世通這樣的通訊公司的合并似乎不會抬高消費價格，或者減緩技術進步的速度，與之相反的是通信的價格的快速下降。汽車行業的合并也同樣在增加——瞧瞧戴姆勒與克萊斯勒，雷諾與尼桑的合并——但看起來消費者并未受到傷害。

　　但是有一個事實，那就是合并必須受到密切關注。就在幾星期以前，格林斯潘對銀行業的大規模合并發出了警告。正在創建的這樣的巨大的銀行一旦出現，誰來充當最終的借貸者，誰來發揮監督、規范和運作的作用呢?當一個國家對破壞公平競爭的行為的處理過于嚴厲時，跨國公司會不會把它們的生產從一地轉到另一地呢?在那些將會影響許多其他國家的問題上，一個國家是否應該發揮“保護競爭”的作用，就如同美國政府對微軟公司案例那樣?

　　考研英語閱讀理解和翻譯 2

　　The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems， and few people believe that the Government will be able to hold things back for long. As on Norwegian politician said last week： “We will soon be changed beyond all recognition.”

　　Ever since the war， the Government has been carrying out a programme of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this programme has had a great deal of success： Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university， a large hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south， and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins.

　　The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north， however. With nearly 100 percent employment， everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.

　　The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population， but they are an important part of it， because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian. And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea.

　　1.The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to

　　[A] provide more jobs for foreign workers.

　　[B] slow down the rate of its development.

　　[C] sell the oil it is producing abroad.

　　[D] develop more quickly than at present.

　　2.The Norwegian Government has tried to

　　[A] encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources.

　　[B] prevent oil companies employing people from northern Norway.

　　[C] help the oil companies solve many of their problems.

　　[D] keep the oil industry to something near its present size.

　　3.According to the passage， the oil industry might lead northern Norway to

　　[A] the development of industry.

　　[B] a growth in population.

　　[C] the failure of the development programme.

　　[D] the development of new towns.

　　4.In the south， one effect to the development of the oil industry might be

　　[A] a large reduction on unemployment.

　　[B] a growth in the tourist industry.

　　[C] a reduction in the number of existing industries.

　　[D] the development of a number of service industries.

　　5.Norwegian farmers and fishermen have an important influence because

　　[A] they form such a large part of Norwegian ideal.

　　[B] their lives and values represent the Norwegian ideal.

　　[C] their work is so useful to the rest of Norwegian society.

　　[D] they regard oil as a threat to the Norwegian way of life.

　　Vocabulary

　　1.Norwegian 挪威的;挪威人

　　2.coastline 海岸線

　　3.recognition 承認;認識;贊賞

　　4.countryside 鄉下;鄉民

　　難句譯注

　　1.A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers.

　　【結構簡析】用兩個分號連接三句句子。

　　【參考譯文】一條新的法律限制人們僅在長長的海岸線南端以南地區進行勘探考察;規定了石油生產限量(雖然已提高);石油公司雇傭外國工人不許超出限定額。

　　2.With nearly 100 percent employment， everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry.

　　【參考譯文】由于將近百分之一百就業率，每個人都能看出形式發展中服務行業和旅游行業的大部分工人會跑到石油工業方面去。

　　3.Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population， but they are an important part of it， because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian.

　　【結構簡析】復合句。在because狀語從句中that是定語從句修飾qualities.

　　【參考譯文】雖然農民和漁民并不占人口的絕大多數，可是他們都是人口的重要組成不分，因為挪威人在他們身上看到許多他們自豪地認為是挪威人的基本品質。

　　寫作方法與文章大意

　　文章論述“挪威政府意欲控制石油工業”。采用對比寫法。先提出政府新政策的種種限制。但石油工業有辦法對付。人們都認為限制難以長久。其次講述，從戰時起，挪威政府一直執行開發北極圈北部地區的發展規劃，也取得成功。但石油工業已經開始向南方進軍，北方政策可能會失敗。石油工業之影響超出北方，有些企業縮小，減少。最后一段是講爭論的焦點：石油對挪威生活方式構成了威脅，具體表現在對挪威理想的代表――漁民和農民的威脅。

　　答案詳解

　　1.B 減慢發展速率。文章開始就闡明挪威政府正竭盡全力把石油工業控制起來，制定新法律來限制勘探開采，限制產量，限制雇傭外國工人人數。

　　A. 為外國工人提供更多的工作。C.賣掉正在國外生產的石油。D.比現在發展更快。

　　2.D 使石油工業保持在接近現在的規模。

　　A. 鼓勵石油公司去發現新石油資源。B.制止石油公司雇傭來自挪威北方的人。C.幫助石油公司解決許多問題。

　　3.C 發展規劃的失敗。這在第二段最后一句：“可是石油工業已經開始把人們吸引到南方去，所以不出幾年，整個北方政策可能成泡影。”

　　A.工業發展。B.人口增長。D.新城市的發展。文內沒有涉及。

　　4.C 現存工業數的減少。第三段開始“可是石油工業的'影響并不僅僅限于北方。近百分之一百的就業率，使每個人都見到發展的勢頭，服務業和旅游業的好多工人轉向石油工業。某些較小的工業，在從國外購進貨物更便宜的情況下，很可能會全部消失。”這說明工業數減少。

　　A.大大減少失業。B.旅游行業增長。D.許多服務公司發展。文內沒有提。

　　5.B 他們的生活和價值代表了挪威人的理想。

　　A.他們組成了那么大一部分挪威理想。C.他們的工作對挪威社會的其他方面非常有用。D.他們認為石油是對挪威生活方式的威脅。最后一段第一句話：“對石油真正的爭論點是它對挪威生活方式的一種威脅。”并不是他們認為威脅。

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