如何有效提高英語(yǔ)寫作

時(shí)間：2024-08-26 12:28:15 英語(yǔ)寫作

如何有效提高英語(yǔ)寫作

　　對(duì)于英文寫作提升，我們要解決的有兩個(gè)主要問(wèn)題：閱讀和模仿。

如何有效提高英語(yǔ)寫作

　　先說(shuō)閱讀。

　　一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)情況是，有不少人雖然學(xué)了好幾年英語(yǔ)，但學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的資料大部分是為了應(yīng)付考試，比如四六級(jí)的詞匯書、作文書，或者各種習(xí)題資料，終歸沒脫離開考試的范圍，除此之外讀過(guò)的原版書幾乎一個(gè)手指頭都能數(shù)得過(guò)來(lái)了。如果沒有足夠的素材儲(chǔ)備，他們寫出來(lái)的作文可能會(huì)是這樣的：

　　Nowadays,with the rapid development of society, purpose of education being changed.There are some people who think that competition in children should be made .Others believe that children who are taught to cooperate as well as become more useful adults.There are advantages and disadvantages for both of the arguments.

　　To begin with, what is good if a sense of competition in children is made? They can develop themselves more and more as they learn and study a lot to win from the competition.To prove this, in my country it is popular and common to have a tutor who come to students' house to teach extra pieces of study with paying a lot of money. ...

　　上面的這兩段是我從一篇學(xué)生習(xí)作中選的，其文風(fēng)和錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)該都非常典型：生硬套用作文模板，中式英語(yǔ)，語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，內(nèi)容空泛...造成這種問(wèn)題的一個(gè)主要原因就是讀英語(yǔ)讀得太少了，腦子里幾乎沒有什么地道的英文儲(chǔ)備，寫出來(lái)的東西也不會(huì)高明到那里去。

　　因此，提高英文寫作水平的第一步是：大量閱讀，閱讀是一個(gè)量變引發(fā)質(zhì)變的過(guò)程，在你讀到一定量的時(shí)候，可能會(huì)在某一瞬間突然發(fā)現(xiàn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣原來(lái)是這種感覺，動(dòng)詞搭配原來(lái)是這么回事...當(dāng)你提筆寫作的時(shí)候，你會(huì)在腦海里重現(xiàn)類似的例句。新手可以從泛讀開始，選擇一些生詞較少，內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)短且情節(jié)精彩的小說(shuō)，慢慢培養(yǎng)閱讀的習(xí)慣，有條件的可以去買個(gè)kindle, 閱讀體驗(yàn)會(huì)更好。大量的閱讀會(huì)帶來(lái)詞匯量的提升，通過(guò)閱讀積累的詞匯理解最為深刻，記憶效果也最好，最容易轉(zhuǎn)化為積極詞匯從而應(yīng)用到寫作中去。

　　在泛讀的同時(shí)還要注意一點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)化語(yǔ)法。語(yǔ)法有多重要?舉個(gè)例子，現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞及各種從句的靈活運(yùn)用，主動(dòng)被動(dòng)的轉(zhuǎn)換，虛擬語(yǔ)氣表達(dá)的特殊感情，這些都是寫作的基本技巧。語(yǔ)法不好，寫作水平也不會(huì)高到哪里去，具體表現(xiàn)為通篇語(yǔ)病，只會(huì)用簡(jiǎn)單句型，不會(huì)寫漂亮的長(zhǎng)短句，偶爾憋出個(gè)長(zhǎng)句還是錯(cuò)的。不會(huì)運(yùn)用高級(jí)語(yǔ)法，比如獨(dú)立主格，虛擬語(yǔ)氣等，句式的多樣性和表達(dá)的靈活性受到很大的影響。因此我們有必要強(qiáng)化一下語(yǔ)法。基本思路是先通讀一兩本語(yǔ)法書，建立起基本的語(yǔ)法框架，然后通過(guò)大量的閱讀和聽力練習(xí)不斷鞏固完善語(yǔ)法。目前市面上的語(yǔ)法書非常多，但內(nèi)容其實(shí)都大同小異，挑選好一兩本認(rèn)真啃下去就是，推薦《賴世雄語(yǔ)法》或者劍橋的語(yǔ)法在用系列。

　　寫作進(jìn)階：

　　在大量閱讀，強(qiáng)化語(yǔ)法的基礎(chǔ)上，相信你現(xiàn)在寫作時(shí)已經(jīng)能夠做到少犯或不犯語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，寫出來(lái)的英文還算湊合了，這個(gè)時(shí)候如果需要進(jìn)一步提高文筆應(yīng)該怎么做?可以采用精讀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人以及使用英英詞典和搭配詞典的方法。以Academic Writing 為例，一篇漂亮的文章至少要做到以下幾點(diǎn)：句式豐富多變，長(zhǎng)短句靈活應(yīng)用，用詞準(zhǔn)確出彩，論點(diǎn)豐富，論證有力，邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。而經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人就滿足這種“漂亮”文章的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，是非常好的閱讀和模仿素材。好的文章是模仿出來(lái)的，要學(xué)會(huì)模仿閱讀時(shí)遇到的優(yōu)美的詞匯用法、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、巧妙的比喻、幽默的風(fēng)格等等，慢慢化為自己的熟練表達(dá)。

　　比如很多人習(xí)作中出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)問(wèn)題是句式單一，用詞平庸。我們可以學(xué)習(xí)一下經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人文章的寫法，增加語(yǔ)言的張力。舉個(gè)例子，下面的這一段節(jié)選自上周的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人文章 The enemy within:

　　EMPLOYEES are often said to be a company’s biggest resource. It is equally true that they are its biggest liability.Scarcely a week goes by without a company falling victim to employees-turned-enemies-or-embarrassments. On July 20th Ashley Madison, a website for married people looking to have an affair, announced that it had been hacked. Noel Biderman, the company’s chief executive, says that he thinks the attack was “an inside job”. On July 6th HSBC fired a group of employees when it emerged that they had filmed themselves engaged inan “ISIS-style mock beheading” of an Asian colleague dressed in an orange jumpsuit.

　　The most familiar type of enemy within is the fraudster. The Economist Intelligence Unit, a sister organisation of The Economist, conducts a regular poll of senior executives on the subject of fraud committed by insiders. In 2013 the poll discovered that about 70% of companies had suffered from at least one instance of fraud, up from 61% in the previous survey. Fraud is often petty: a survey of British employees for YouGov in 2010 found that a quarter of staff eligible for expenses admitted to inflating claims. But fraud can also be more audacious and more harmful: think of former employees setting up rivals using stolen technology and purloined client lists.

　　從上面的文章中我們可以學(xué)到什么?

　　4個(gè)寫作時(shí)可以用上的句式：

　　1....are often said to...it is equally true that...

　　2.Scarcely a week/month/year goes by without...

　　3....when it emerged that...

　　4.discovered that about 70% ...up from 61%...

　　10個(gè)詞匯和短語(yǔ)：

　　1.liability

　　2.fall victim to

　　3.have an affair

　　4.behead

　　5.fraudster